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- MEDICINE, Page 76Death-Defying Drug TherapyColon cancer held at bay
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- For decades the only true weapon against colon cancer has been
- surgery. If the scalpel could take out the entire tumor, the
- patient was cured; if not, the cancer recurred. But now, for the
- first time, researchers have developed a drug therapy that may
- reduce the high death rate from this form of cancer, which kills
- 53,500 Americans each year and is the third most common type of
- malignancy.
-
- In a series of studies coordinated by Dr. Charles Moertel of
- the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., researchers tested a
- combination of two drugs: 5-fluorouracil, a proven anticancer
- agent, and levamisole, a medication commonly used by veterinarians
- to clear worms from the intestines of animals. Included in the
- studies were some 1,700 cancer patients, most of whom had been
- operated on for Dukes' C colon cancer. In this stage of the cancer,
- the tumor has penetrated the bowel wall but has not spread to the
- rest of the body. The results of the first study, which appeared
- in this month's Journal of Clinical Oncology, showed that 49% of
- patients receiving the treatment were still alive after five years,
- in contrast to 37% of another group that did not receive the drugs.
- In a second and much larger study, which has yet to be published,
- the benefit from the drug therapy "at least matched" the results
- achieved in the first experiment, said Dr. Moertel.
-
- The researchers caution, however, that the drugs are not
- effective for patients with more severe colon cancer, in which the
- malignancy has already spread throughout the body. Nor have studies
- shown a benefit for those patients whose cancers were detected at
- an early stage. Still, Dr. Michael Friedman of the National Cancer
- Institute called this first success for drug therapy against colon
- cancer a "terrific intellectual breakthrough." The institute has
- alerted 35,000 cancer doctors across the country. And some experts
- are hopeful that the findings will lead to similar therapies for
- other cancers.